Pyrethroid In-Season Sprays
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Monitor and Assess
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Along with organophosphates (OPs) almond growers rely on pyrethroids to control the key almond pests which are San Jose Scale, Peach Twig Borer and Navel Orangeworm. Thoroughly scout the field to monitor and assess the pest situation. The use of pheromone traps combined with the phenology model for peach twig borer should give an accurate picture of the PTB situation. Take into account other pests present at the time to avoid unnecessary secondary pest outbreaks. Consider all chemical classes used on the field to this point in the season. Rotating chemical classes is an effective way to avoid the build-up of resistance. Consider all reasonable options to mitigate a pest problem when making decisions concerning pest management. Monitor weather conditions to avoid spraying just prior to a rain or when wind speed is excessive (> 7 mph) or blowing in the direction of sensitive sites.
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Drift
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The ability to detect pyrethroid products in streams and rivers at parts per trillion levels leaves little room for error.
To prevent problems, equipment operators must take extra care when spraying near sensitive areas and bodies of water.
- Shutoff equipment when making row turns.
- Avoid spraying when wind is blowing toward waterways or other sensitive areas.
- Leave buffer zone to protect sensitive areas.
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Managing Irrigation Runoff
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Manage runoff water to minimize or possibly eliminate the impact of off-site movement of pyrethroids via sediment:
- Use vegetated ditches and holding ponds (sediment basins) to enhance reduction of residues in tailwaters and to slow flow (thus reducing sediment transport potential).
- Tailwater return systems can prevent excess runoff from moving into surface waters.
- Construct vegetative buffers, vegetative filter strips or vegetative barriers near the exits points of orchard to reduce sediment transport off-field and trap pesticides to allow for degradation.
- Converting to drip irrigation can reduce or eliminate irrigation-induced runoff.
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